The Constitutional Revolution of Iran is a good subject for studing historical, cultural, social AND political events of Iran from 1324 until now.Studying the Constitutional Revolution using the sociological theories, helps us better to understAND its causes AND consequences in different levels of the Iranian society. The theories of revolution try to explain why AND how revolutions happen AND what are their consequences. This article uses Marx's AND Skocpol's theories of reuolution in order to explain the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The study reveals that the neoMARXIST theory of skocpol can explain the Constitutional Revolution better than that of Marx.

We survey LEFT 3-Engel elements in GROUPS.

Any school of thought throughout its history undergoes many changes AND fluctuations. The complexity of the recent modern capitalist societies made the new MARXISTs to revive the opponents’ position of capitalist system. Laclau AND Mouffe are among post- MARXISTs who are engaged in this attempt. Their criticism of the classical Marxism is due to its dogmatic features AND its one-sided AND biased analyses. By proposing the concepts of discourse, articulation, mobile identities, hegemony AND discursive gaps AND conflicts, Laclau AND Mouffe try to compensate for the one-sidedness of Classical Marxism which summarizes in economic determinism, class identities, class struggles, AND social class gap. These changes are made to increase the effectiveness of Marxism in their analysis of recent modern AND complex capitalist societies. The aim of this article is to survey the process of change of Classical MARXIST thoughts to Laclau AND Mouffe’s post-Marxism. Firstly, there will be a discussion about decentralization of the society following the Post-MARXIST perspective, which substitutes the economic determinism in the formation of social order, AND secondly, the study points to the idea of antagonism which is a shared concept in both Marxism AND Post- Marxism views. The Classical Marxism viewed politics as the class conflict which is lost in the ultimate Communism of class conflict that resulted in a classless society. However, Laclau AND Mouffe’s post- marxism points to the endless political conflict AND considers it as an everlasting element of the society, AND it deems the radical democratic policy as an element that preserves such a conflict.

Let H be an infinite dimensional Hilbert space, Bp (H) the p-Schatten class of H AND Up (H) be the Banach-Lie group of unitary operators which are p-Schatten perturbations of the identity. Let A be a bounded self-adjoint operator in H. We show thatOA:={UA:UÎUp(H)}is a smooth submanifold of the affine space A+Bp (H) if only if A has closed range. Furthermore, it is a homogeneous reductive space of Up (H). We intro- duce two metrics: one via the ambient Finsler metric induced as a submanifold of A+Bp (H), the other, by means of the quotient Finsler metric provided by the homogeneous space structure. We show that OA is a complete metric space with the recti able distance of these metrics.

We consider four-dimensional Lie GROUPS equipped with LEFT-invariant Einstein Lorentzian metrics. The harmonicity properties of LEFT-invariant vector fields on these spaces are determined. In some cases, all these vector fields are critical points for the energy functional restricted to vector fields. LEFT-invariant vector fields defining harmonic maps are also classified, AND the energy of these vector fields is explicitly calculated.

In the paper, it has been intended to survey Imam Khomeini AND Dr. Ali Shari’ati’s roles in revolutionary mobilization comparatively. Islamic Revolution of the year 1357, called as great miracle of the century, led to appearance of great ideologists in the field of mobilizing of revolution of whom these two persons are clearly appear. On authors’ proofs, Imam Khomeini’s role in the field has been rather more extended to that of Ali Shari’ati AND, contrary to the claim of some outstANDing scholars of the revolution viewing the latter as the main ideologist of revolutionary thought, the former’s role, including all peoples in every class AND group has been of no example. It has been shown that Imam’s discourse during the period before revolution AND after it, has been dominant; while that of Shari’ati has been limited to academic AND enlighenment circles AND, therefore, more limited.

In this paper we study invariant Finsler spaces with generalized m−Kropia metrics. We give an explicit formula for the flag curvature of invariant Finsler spaces with generalized m−Kropina metrics on some Lie GROUPS.